Direct and indirect costs and cost-driving factors in adults with tuberous sclerosis complex: a multicenter cohort study and a review of the literature

Table 5 Indirect costs for individuals with TSC during the 3-month study period (in 2019 Euro)

Indirect costs components	n¹	Mean costs	SD²	Maximum	95% CI	Estimated annual costs³
Total indirect costs (< 67 y)	86	3174	4703	11,241	2503; 3840	12,696
Inability to work	30	1775	4110	11,241	1183; 2367	7100
Reduction of working hours	19	514	1762	9695	283; 792	2056
Unemployment	6	355	1971	11,241	118; 651	1420
Early retirement	5	296	1804	11,241	59; 592	1184
Days off	28	234	1050	10,750	115; 382	936

95% CI = 95% Confidence interval using the bootstrap bias corrected and accelerated method
¹Patients of working age (n = 190), ²Standard deviation, ³Estimation based on the mean costs in three months multiplied by four

ISSN: 1750-1172