Table 1 Clinical, diagnosis, epidemiological and therapeutic features of patients with hepatic actinomycosis from individual cases
From: A systematic review of case reports of hepatic actinomycosis
Country, year of publication and references | Sex/age | Species | Treatment | Surgery or puncture drainage | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bahrain, 2020 [17] | 49/f | NR | Ampicillin discontinued due to sepsis, Doxycycline for 6 month | Thoracentesis and insertion of a chest drain | HE |
Canada, 2001 [18] | 50/m | NR | Penicillin | NR | HE |
Canada, 2005 [19] | 40/F | NR | Penicillin G | Abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy | HE and culture |
China, 2004 [20] | 64/m | NR | Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for 6 months | Left lateral segmentectomy and distal gastrectomy were performed | HE |
China, 2011 [21] | 47/F | A. israelii | Ampicillin for 4 weeks, followed by oral Amoxicillin for 2 months | Lobectomy of the left liver lobe, A right oophorectomy | HE |
China, 2013 [22] | 67/M | NR | Penicillin G and oral penicillin for six month | Left lateral hepatectomy and distal gastrectomy | HE |
China, 2014 [12] | 55/M | NR | Penicillin | Left lobe resection | HE |
China, 2016 [23] | 38/M | NR | Cefoperazone for 7 days after the surgery | Left lobectomy of the liver | HE |
France, 2013 [24] | 34/M | NR | Ampicillin, Penicillin G | Appendectomy | HE |
Germany, 2009 [25] | 71/f | NR | Amoxicillin, imipenem/cilastatin for Klebsiella pneumonia | NR | HE |
Germany,2001 [26] | 57/m | NR | Penicillin G then Clindamycin for six month | NR | HE |
Greece, 2004 [27] | 53/M | NR | Ciprofloxacin for 6 weeks | A right posterior segmentectomy of the liver was performed | HE |
Greece, 2010 [28] | 70/M | NR | Amoxicillin-sulbactam, amoxicillin | NR | HE |
India, 2005 [29] | 35/m | NR | Penicillin G, ampicillin for 5 months | Ultrasound-guided percutaneous aspiration of the liver abscess | Culture |
Italy, 2005 [30] | 31/M | NR | Piperacillin | Surgical resection of the IV_/VII hepatic segments | HE with a positive culture |
Japan, 2011 [31] | 74/F | A. israelii | Ampicillin, Amoxicillin for 6 month | Aspiration drainage and placed an indwelling catheter immediately | PCR and culture |
Japan, 2012 [9] | 60/M | NR | Sulbactam/ampicillin for 36 days, sultamicillin for six month | Video-assisted thoracic surgery | HE |
Japan, 2014 [32] | 80/M | NR | Ampicillin/sulbactam, erythromycin, Ampicillin/sulbactam for two years | A drainage tube was inserted into the right thoracic space | HE |
Japan, 2016 [33] | 51/F | NR | Levofloxacin and warfarin treatment | Right salpingo-oophorectomy | HE, negative culture |
Kore, 2006 [34] | 47/F | NR | Penicillin G, Amoxicillin for 5 months | Left salpingo-oophorectomy, abdominal hysterectomy, right salpingo-oophorectomy | HE |
Korea, 2012 [35] | 72/M | NR | Penicillin for two month | Percutaneous drainage for 2 weeks | HE |
Korea, 2012 [36] | 41/f | NR | Ampicillin, amoxicillin treatment for four months | A right salpingo-oophorectomy with left ovarian excision and IUD removal was carried out | HE |
Korea, 2012 [37] | 67/m | A. cardiffensis | Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin for 6 months | NR | Culture, PCR |
Korea, 2013 [8] | 57/M | NR | Penicillin G, ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin for 11 weeks | Exploratory laparotomy | HE |
Korea, 2018 [38] | 55/F | NR | Penicillin for 6 months | Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, small bowel resection and appendectomy | HE |
Korea, 2018 [39] | 67/M | NR | NR | Lobectomy of the liver | HE |
Portugal, 2014 [4] | 38/M | NR | Doxycycline for three months | Left hepatectomy extended to segments V and VIII | HE |
Romania, 2012 [40] | 72/f | NR | Ampicillin for two months, then Doxycycline for 139 days | Surgical drainage | HE |
Romania, 2013 [41] | 54/m | NR | Broad-spectrum antibiotics and antimycotics | Laparoscopy and biopsy | HE |
Serbia, 2009 [42] | 50/F | NR | Benzylpenicillin for 6 weeks and oral Amoxycillin for 6 months | Affected liver segments were resected | HE |
Serbia, 2018 [43] | 50/F | NR | Amoxicillin during three months | Liver abscess resected, hysterectomy, extraction of the IUCD | HE |
Spain, 2011 [44] | 20/m | A. israelii | Amoxicillin–clavulanate for two month | CT-guided pericardial drainage and A left-sided thoracocentesis, Pericardial and hepatic drainages | Culture and PCR |
Spain, 2017 [45] | 66/m | A. naeslundii | Ertapenem for 4 weeks | Percutaneous drainage of the abscess | Culture |
Taiwan, 2001 [46] | 6/m | NR | Penicillin then Clindamycin for 4 month | The right kidney and liver were adequately debrided | HE |
Taiwan, 2005 [47] | 71/m | NR | Penicillin G and V for 3 month | NR | HE |
Taiwan, 2005 [47] | 73/f | NR | Penicillin V for 3 month | Segmentectomy | HE |
Taiwan, 2010 [48] | 78/m | A. odontolyticus | Ceftriaxone, ampicillin–sulbactam and Amoxicillin for 6 weeks | CT-guided pigtail catheter insertion for drainage of the abscess | Culture, PCR |
Taiwan, 2013 [49] | 49/f | A. israelii | Benzyl penicillin and imipenem/cilastatin | An exploratory laparotomy and right lobectomy of the liver | HE |
Taiwan,2009 [1] | 37/m | NR | Penicillin for 3 months | Resected spleen and liver nodules | HE |
Turkey 2010 [50] | 40/M | NR | Penicillin G for 2 month | Surgical debridement and drainage was performed | HE |
Turkey, 2002 [51] | 41/F | NR | Penicillin G | The mass was excised | HE |
Turkey, 2003 [52] | 11/F | NR | Penicillin G for 1 month then Amoxicillin | NR | Culture |
Turkey, 2006 [53] | 40/F | NR | Penicillin G, a 6-month amoxicillin | Thoracentesis and thorax tube was inserted upon the diagnosis of empyema | HE with negative culture |
Turkey, 2007 [54] | 5/F | NR | Penicillin G for the next 6 months | NR | HE |
Turkey, 2007 [55] | 46/m | NR | Penicillin G 3 month | NR | HE |
UK, 2009 [2] | 52/M | NR | Teicoplanin, meropenem and metronidazole then six month amoxicillin | The hepatic abscess was aspirated and a drain, anterior colonic resection with primary anastamosis | Culture |
UK, 2011 [56] | 50/M | NR | Died before treatment | NR | Autopsy (The patient died) |
UK, 2012 [57] | 38/f | A. israelii | co-amoxiclav for 7 month | Ultrasound-guided drainage of the liver abscess was required 5 months later due, in part, to poor compliance with antibiotic treatment | HE, culture |
USA, 2000 [58] | 40/f | A. israelii | Penicillin | NR | Gram and immunofluorescent staining |
USA, 2001 [59] | 16/m | NR | Penicillin 6 months oral doxycycline | Laparotomy and open biopsy | HE and culture |
USA, 2002 [60] | 59/M | A. turicensis | Piperacillin-tazobactam, Doxycycline orally for 4 months | The abscess was aspirated and a drain was placed | Culture and PCR |
USA, 2002 [61] | 34/m | NR | Ciprofloxacin was continued for 6 weeks and Clindamycin for 3 months | The abscess was incised and drained | Gram staining |
USA, 2005 [62] | 84/f | NR | Penicillin | NR | Gram staining |
USA, 2006 [5] | 46/m | A. israelii | Penicillin | Percutaneous aspiration of the two largest liver collections | Culture |
USA, 2006 [5] | 59/m | A. israelii | Penicillin | Drainage | Culture |
USA, 2010 [10] | 75/F | NR | Clindamycin for 6 months | Laparotomy with biopsy of the liver | HE |
USA, 2011 [63] | 65/m | NR | Doxycycline for 6 month | Resection of segment 5 and 6 of the liver without any complications | Culture |
USA, 2013 [64] | 48/m | A. naeslundii | Amoxicillin-clavulanate for six month | Drainage catheter | Culture |
USA, 2016 [65] | 43/M | NR | Penicillin G for one month then Amoxicillin for one year | Right hemi hepatectomy | HE |
USA, 2016 [66] | 73/m | NR | Penicillin G | Incision and drainage of an abscess | HE |
USA, 2017 [67] | 70/m | NR | Penicillin | NR | HE |
USA, 2017 [68] | 80/m | NR | Penicillin G for 4 weeks then transitioned to oral penicillin for about 9 months | Aspiration of the fluid collection | HE and culture |
USA, 2019 [69] | 35/F | NR | Ampicillin /sulbactam for 6 weeks | NR | HE |
USA, 2020 [70] | 59/M | A. naeslundii or A. viscosus | Amoxicillin for 6 month | Extraction of a hepatic segment II | PCR |