Table 2 Predictors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with achondroplasia
From: Obstructive sleep apnea in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia: a population-based study
Variables | OSA (n = 29) | No OSA (n = 20) | Difference | OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age > 40 years, % | 66 | 25 | 41 | 5.7 (1.6 to 20.3) | 0.007 |
Male gender, % | 66 | 40 | 26 | 2.9 (0.9 to 9.3) | 0.08 |
Current smoking, % | 7 | 15 | − 8 | 0.4 (0.1 to 2.8) | 0.37 |
History of adenoidectomy, % | 48 | 45 | 3 | 1.1 (0.4 to 3.6) | 0.82 |
History of tonsillectomy, % | 41 | 25 | 16 | 2.1 (0.6 to 7.4) | 0.24 |
Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) | |||||
Total BQ score ≥ 2 (high risk), % | 86 | 45 | 41 | 7.6 (1.9 to 30.2) | 0.004 |
BQ category 1 (snoring) | |||||
Snoring, % | 90 | 80 | 10 | 2.2 (0.4 to 11.0) | 0.35 |
Loud snoring, % | 52 | 15 | 37 | 6.1 (1.5 to 25.3) | 0.01 |
Frequent snoring, % | 76 | 55 | 21 | 2.6 (0.8 to 8.7) | 0.13 |
Snoring bothering other, % | 69 | 55 | 14 | 1.8 (0.6 to 5.9) | 0.56 |
BQ category 2 (sleep) | |||||
Observed breathing stops, % | 38 | 5 | 33 | 11.6 (1.4 to 99.3) | 0.03 |
Unrested sleep, % | 66 | 25 | 41 | 5.7 (1.6 to 20.3) | 0.007 |
Excessive daytime sleepiness, % | 72 | 40 | 32 | 3.9 (1.2 to 13.2) | 0.03 |
Fallen asleep while driving, % | 24 | 10 | 14 | 2.9 (0.5 to 15.5) | 0.22 |
BQ Category 3 | |||||
Hypertension, %a | 48 | 15 | 33 | 5.3 (1.3 to 22.0) | 0.02 |
Body mass index > 30 kg/m2, % | 83 | 50 | 33 | 4.8 (1.3 to 17.7) | 0.02 |