Table 1 Demographics and characteristics of the studied subjects

Age (year)

63.5 ± 11

42 ± 2

 < 0.001

Gender (M/F), n

43/8

37/13

0.228

Smoking habits (non/ex/current), n

9/40/4

33/7/10

 < 0.001

Pack years, median (min–max)

28 (1–80)

15 (1–40)

0.018

BMI (kg/m²)

27 ± 4

25.5 ± 3

0.064

PaO₂ (mmHg)

73 ± 12

–

–

FVC (% pred)

69 ± 21

–

–

DLco (% pred)

43 ± 14

–

–

BAL cell differentials

–

–

Total cells (× 10⁴ mL⁻¹)

18 ± 3

Macrophages (%)

69 ± 25

Lymphocytes (%)

10 ± 10

Neutrophils (%)

15 ± 23

Eosinophils (%)

3.5 ± 3

Antifibrotic treatment (yes/no)

45/17

–

–

Duration of antifibrotic treatment (months)

43 ± 16

–

–

Time to progression (months), median (IQR)

50 (34–68)

–

–

Time to death or lung transplant (months), median (IQR)

70 (40–95)

–

–

CCI* (score)

3.7 ± 1.7