Table 4 diagnostic biomarkers for PA and MMA that are not significantly altered during AMD

 Propionylcarnitine

Plasma

54.4 + 19.6 [23.0–99.5] (34)

49.7 + 25.6 [24.0–128.0] (23)

NS

21.0 + 21.7 [2.7–83.7] (68)

78.0 + 81.0 [14.8–175.5] (3)

NS

 Glycine

Plasma

1381 + 362 [350–1962] (73)

1160 + 514 [265–2051] (35)

NS

492 + 369 [168–1916] (77)

334 + 152 [226–441] (2)

NS

 Methylcitric acid

Plasma

49.5 + 14.8 [24.9–78.9] (12)

NS

2.2 + 2.8 [1.0–10.9] (11)

NS

 Methylcitric acid

Urine

697 + 383 [425–968] (3)

NS

NS

 3-Hydroxy-propionic acid

Urine

232 + 99 [89–349] (10)

738 + 355 [184–1534] (13)

NS

13.0 + 18.6 [0. – 86.0] (57)

9.5 + 76.8 [4.0–161.0] (4)

NS

 Methylmalonylcarnitine

Plasma

7.6 + 7.7 [3.4–20.2] (5)

NS

 Methylmalonic acid

Plasma

74 + 346 [3–1327] (52)

NS

 Methylmalonic acid

Urine

727 + 4651 [64–21,587] (174)

4062 + 3200 [536–9044] (7)

NS

 Acetylcarnitine

Plasma

10.1 + 7.5 [1.6–42.2] (34)

10.9 + 9.5 [1.3–43.9] (23)

NS

9.2 + 5.8 [2.1–29.9] (68)

12.6 + 24.4 [3.9–49.9] (3)

NS

 Propionylcarnitine

Plasma

12.0 + 80.8 [− 2.8–363] (23)

272 + 193 [1.5–730] (15)

NS

37.9 + 171 [− 1.4–684] (61)

596 + 835 [5.7–1186] (2)

NS

 Glycine

Plasma

9.5 + 4.8 [− 2.4–18.5] (23)

4.9 + 4.1 [− 0.4–14.7 (15)

NS

1.8 + 2.2 [− 1.1–8.5] (61)

2.7 + 3.0 [0.5–4.8] (2)

NS

 2-Methylcitric acid (3 isomers)

Plasma

57.4 + 43.1 [− 1.8–147] (23)

93.7 + 31.4 [30.4–139] (15)

NS

9.0 + 9.5 [− 0.6–41.3] (61)

41.1 + 27.0 [22.1–60.2] (2)

NS

 Propionylglycine (9 isomers)

Plasma

28.5 + 29.3 [− 3.0–91.1] (23)

80.6 + 50.1 [4.0–177.1] (15)

NS

1.6 + 3.1 [− 2.3–10.4] (61)

5.8 + 5.3 [2.0–9.6] (2)

NS

 Methylmalonic acid (3 isomers)

Plasma

25.3 + 77.5 [− 0.0–376] (61)

150 + 175 [26.3–274] (2)

NS

 Methylmalonylcarnitine

Plasma

2.4 + 9.1 [− 2.3–29.7] (61)

22.9 + 31.7 [0.4–45.3] (2)

NS