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Table 3 Average scores of PedsQL Family Impact Module across SMA subtypes (n = 101)

From: Quality of life of children with spinal muscular atrophy and their caregivers from the perspective of caregivers: a Chinese cross-sectional study

Caregivers’ quality of life

SMA Type I

Mean ± SD (n = 26)

SMA Type II

Mean ± SD (n = 56)

SMA Type III

Mean ± SD (n = 19)

Effect size (d)

I versus II

I versus III

II versus III

Total score

34.97 ± 21.97

40.56 ± 17.76

53.80 ± 21.87b,c

0.25

0.86

1.45

Physical functioning

29.01 ± 25.18

45.16 ± 21.52

59.43 ± 29.23a,b,c

0.64

1.04

0.49

Emotional functioning

31.54 ± 28.42

33.93 ± 20.64

54.47 ± 23.27b,c

0.08

0.81

0.88

Social functioning

29.33 ± 26.15

37.28 ± 25.11

55.59 ± 29.16b,c

0.30

0.90

0.63

Cognitive functioning

40.00 ± 24.78

45.18 ± 24.77

61.58 ± 25.71b,c

0.21

0.84

0.64

Communication

41.99 ± 31.49

43.75 ± 25.69

55.26 ± 31.21

0.06

0.42

0.37

Worry

30.00 ± 26.87

26.16 ± 17.94

37.63 ± 27.35

0.14

0.28

0.42

Daily activities

28.20 ± 25.94

36.61 ± 24.40

40.79 ± 24.52

0.32

0.49

0.17

Family relationships

49.81 ± 28.02

54.46 ± 21.78

60.26 ± 23.24

0.17

0.37

0.25

  1. Effect size (Cohen’s d) is interpreted as: 0.2 ≤ d < 0.5 small difference, 0.5 ≤ d < 0.8 moderate, and d ≥ 0.8 large
  2. SMA spinal muscular atrophy
  3. Bold prints indicate P < 0.05
  4. aPost hoc significance between type I and type II
  5. bPost hoc significance between type I and type III
  6. cPost hoc significance between type II and type III