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Table 3 Clinical characteristics

From: Clinical and genetic characteristics and prenatal diagnosis of patients presented GDD/ID with rare monogenic causes

Characteristics

N (%)

Charicteristics

N (%)

Genetic disorders

 

Abnormal Brain MRI

48/70 (68.5)

  Neurodevelopmental Disordrers

32/81 (39.5)

Visual impairment

10/78 (12.8)

  Metabolism disorders

20/81 (24.7)

Hearing loss

4/78 (5.0)

  Genetic epilepsy

17/81 (21.0)

Facial anomalies

14/81 (17.2)

  Leukodystrophy

5/81 (6.2)

Head circumference anomaly

24/81 (30)

  Other neurogenetic diseases

7/81 (8.4)

  Microcephaly

17/81 (20.9)

Disease courses

 

  Macrocephaly

7/81 (8.6)

   Static

54/81 (66.6)

Weight

13/50 (26)

   Progressive

13/81 (16.0)

  Overweight

1/50 (2)

   Unknown

14/81 (17.2)

  Low weight

12/50 (24)

Severity of GDD/ID

 

Short stature

5/48 (10.4)

   Mild-moderate

15/67 (22.4)

Organ involvement

13/81 (16)

   Severe-profound

52/67 (77.6)

  Heart

5/80 (6.0)

   Unknown

14

  Liver

3/80 (4.0)

 Epilepsy

47/81 (58.0)

  Kidney

1/80 (1.0)

Epilepsy type

 

  Hair/skin

3/79 (3.8)

   Focal

7/47 (14.9)

  Bone

2/79 (2.5)

   Generalized

16/47 (34.0)

  Endocrine

1/81 (1.2)

   Combined

14/47 (29.8)

Positive family history

5/80 (6.0)

   Unknown

10/47 (21.3)

Abnormal antenatal ultrasound

10/80 (12.5)

Autism spectrum disorder

8/80 (10.0)

Abnormal birth history

4/80 (5)

  1. GDD, global developmental delay; ID, intellectual disability