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Table 1 Detailed patient information

From: Parachute tricuspid valve: a systematic review

Year

Author

Age (year)

Sex

Papillary muscle

Diagnotic method

Associated anomaly

Enlarged heart chamber

TV

Tricuspid chord

PG (systolic/diastolic/mean) (mmHg)

Treatment

Follow-up (month)

Outcome

2017

Alimi and Fazlinezhad [5]

52

F

Single, calcified

TTE, 3D-TEE

ASD

RA, RV

TR (moderate to severe)

  

Device closure of ASD

2

Improved (mild RV enlargement with mild to moderate TR)

2017

Alimi and Fazlinezhad [5]

30

F

Single, calcified

TTE, 3D-TTE

No

 

TR (mild to moderate)

  

Follow-up

 

No change

1979

Ariza et al. [6]

Neonate

   

Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia

RA

TS

     

2011

Demirkol et al. [7]

21

M

Solitary

TTE, 3D-TTE, 3D-TEE, computed tomographic angiography

 

Pear-like RA

Funnel-shaped, TR (trivial)

 

7/3/?

   

2012

Demirkol et al. [8]

24

M

Bifid single

TTE, 3D-TTE, TEE, 3D-TEE, CTA

ASD

RV

Doming shaped, TR (trivial)

Elongated

4/3/?

Surgical closure of ASD

 

Recovered

1997

Godart et al. [9]

Neonate (she grew up to 2 years)

F

Single anterior papillary

Echocardiography

C-TGA, VSDs, small RV (TV annulus 9 mm), hypoplastic aortic arch, coarctation, PDA, s/p coarctation repair + arch plasty + banding, s/p debanding, PAH

 

TV obstruction (annular ring), TS

 

?/?/18

Annular ring resection + TVR

 

Died of postoperative septic shock

2016

Gupta et al. [10]

0.625

M

 

TTE

ASD, VSD (perimembrane)

 

TV stenosis

 

14/7/?

VSD closure + chord transition (to support the free edge of the neoseptal leaflet) + ASD closure

4

Complicated: Escherichia coli pneumonia, recovered

2013

Kurtul et al. [11]

33

M

 

TTE

Parachute MV, VSD (perimembrane), PAH (44 mmHg), anomalous origin of the circumflex artery from the right sinus of Valsalva

RV, LA

Normal function

  

Transcatheter closure of VSD

 

Recovered

1980

Maitre Azcarate [12]

  

Single from apex

Autopsy

Cor triatriatum

 

Anterior and posterior leaflets were fused

    

Died

2006

Marwah et al. [13]

21

F

Single

 

ASD, VSD (perimembrane)

RV

Annulus 22 mm, mild prolapse of septal leaflet, TS, mild prolapse, normally functioning

  

No: planned but not yet

 

Unchanged

1979

Milo et al. [4]

0.1 (he grew up to 6 years 8 months old)

M

Single

Autopsy

Double outlet right ventricle, straddling mitral valve, severe pulmonary outflow tract obstruction, and posterior inlet VSD

RV

 

Shortened and thickened chordae tendineae supporting the valve

 

Stadding mitral valve repair + VSD closure

 

Died of cardiac deterioration at 24 h

2015

Mohan et al. [14]

23

F

Single

TTE

Parachute mitral valve, corrected transposition, right-sided aortic arch, valvular pulmonary stenosis, bicuspid aortic valve

 

TR (mild)

Normal length and thickness of the tendinous chords

 

No (mild symptom)

 

Unchanged

2012

Mohan et al. [15]

30

 

Single short

TTE, multislice cardiac CT

ASD, PAH

 

TR

Shorter

8/4/?

   

2010

Uçar et al. [16]

25

M

Single

TTE

VSD

       
  1. 3D three-dimensional, ASD atrial septal defect, CT computed tomography, CTA computed tomographic angiography, C-TGA corrected transposition of the great arteries, F female, LA left atrium, M male, MV mitral valve, PAH pulmonary artery hypertension, PDA patent ductus arteriosus, PG pressure gradient, RA right atrium, RV right ventricular, s/p status post, TEE transeaophageal echocardiography, TR tricuspid regurgitation, TS tricuspid stenosis, TTE transesophageal echocardiography, TV tricuspid valve, TVR tricuspid valve replacement, VSD ventricular septal defect