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Table 4 Factors significantly associated with death within 7 days and within 30 days among 160 pediatric HLH patients

From: Clinical profiles and risk factors of 7-day and 30-day mortality among 160 pediatric patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

Factor a

Death within 30 days

Death within 7 days

OR (95%CI)

p value

OR (95%CI)

p value

Age, ≤ 1 year versus > 1 years

1.77 (0.73, 4.31)

0.2076

3.53 (1.17, 10.67)

0.0253

Admission to PICU

3.24 (1.59, 6.64)

0.0013

2.49 (0.91, 6.8)

0.0761

Underlying diseases and concomitant diagnosis

 EBV infection

0.51 (0.25, 1.02)

0.0581

0.27 (0.09, 0.81)

0.0191

 Sepsis

5.37 (2.21, 13.05)

0.0002

13.17 (1.71, 101.72)

0.0134

 Other infections

0.36 (0.15, 0.88)

0.0254

0.13 (0.02, 1.02)

0.0518

 Myocardial damage

11.76 (5.18, 26.68)

< 0.0001

19.05 (4.19, 86.53)

0.0001

 Heart failure

6.3 (2.61, 15.18)

< 0.0001

4.88 (1.72, 13.85)

0.0029

 Shock

9.97 (3.36, 29.61)

< 0.0001

16.5 (5.33, 51.09)

< 0.0001

 CNS disease

5.75 (2.62, 12.6)

< 0.0001

3.73 (1.36, 10.23)

0.0104

 Hepatic dysfunction

8.51 (3.12, 23.18)

< 0.0001

- b

0.9346

 Severe pneumonia

11.95 (5.21, 27.44)

< 0.0001

5.09 (1.71, 15.12)

0.0034

 Respiratory failure

14.98 (6.21, 36.15)

< 0.0001

15.66 (3.46, 70.9)

0.0004

 ARDS

9.72 (2.53, 37.3)

0.0009

4.22 (1.15, 15.5)

0.0299

 Coagulopathy

14.51 (5.29, 39.75)

< 0.0001

–

0.9272

 DIC

6.85 (3.12, 15.03)

< 0.0001

7.47 (2.59, 21.54)

0.0002

 Acute kidney injury

7.2 (2.37, 21.92)

0.0005

8.34 (2.65, 26.2)

0.0003

 Gastrointestinal disorder

12.5 (4.96, 31.47)

< 0.0001

4.14 (1.48, 11.61)

0.0069

 MODS

17.58 (5.87, 52.71)

< 0.0001

- b

0.9275

 Immunodeficiency

3.52 (1.62, 7.64)

0.0015

1.79 (0.62, 5.16)

0.2805

HLH therapies

 Etoposide

0.1 (0.05, 0.23)

< 0.0001

0.02 (0, 0.17)

0.0002

 Cyclosporine A

0.31 (0.15, 0.67)

0.0026

0.26 (0.1, 0.71)

0.0089

 Dexamethasone

0.3 (0.13, 0.68)

0.0041

0.16 (0.06, 0.45)

0.0005

  1. ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome. DIC = disseminated intravascular coagulation. EBV = Epstein-Barr Virus. MODS = multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
  2. a. Only presents factors that were found to be significantly associated with 7-day and/or 30-day mortality (p < 0.05)
  3. b. ORs could not be estimated because all patients in this group developed hepatic dysfunction, coagulopathy, and MODS