Table 5 Comparison between adults with achondroplasia with symptomatic spinal stenosis (SSS) and without (non-SSS)

Age, mean, years

48.4 (17.6)

23.9 (7.8)

24.5 (17.5 to 31.5)

–

< 0.01

Gender males, % (n)

55.9 (15)

50.0 (8)

5.9 (−36.2 to 24.1)

3.5 (−34.9 to 42.6)

0.87

Body mass index, kg/m²

35.0 (6.8)

29.8 (5.0)

5.2 (1.9 to 8.5)

4.0 (−0.2 to 7.9)

0.05

Employment, % (n) ^a

26.5 (9)

93.8 (15)

−67.3 (−84.8 to 45.8)

−33.7 (−62.3 to −7.2)

0.03

Wheelchair users, % (n) ^b

52.9 (18)

25 (4)

27.9 (−0.6 to 54.7)

51.2 (19.8 to 76.9)

< 0.01

6MWT, meters ^c

386 (129)

526 (59)

− 140 (− 196 to − 85)

−110 (−172 to −40)

< 0.01

 Right hand, Newton

162.5 (71.5)

170.9 (61.8)

−8.3 (−47.9 to 30.2)

−26.5 (−64.8 to 12.1)

0.17

 Left hand, Newton

155.1 (69.2)

148.1 (43.3)

7.0 (−25.6 to 39.5)

−9.6 (− 42.6 to 29.6)

0.59

 Right hand, Newton

35.2 (9.5)

33.8 (10.1)

1.4 (−4.6 to 7.4)

−3.8 (−10.8 to 2.8)

0.27

 Left hand, Newton

34.3 (12.6)

35.4 (10.2)

−1.2 (−7.9 to 5.6)

−7.2 (− 15.2 to 1.5)

0.09

HAQ Total mean score ^e

1.1 (0.7)

0.3 (0.2)

0.8 (0.6 to 1.1)

0.3 (0.06 to 0.6)

0.04

 Dressing and grooming

1.0 (0.8)

0.1 (0.3)

0.9 (0.6 to 1.2)

0.4 (0.02 to 0.8)

0.04

 Arising

0.9 (1.0)

0.1 (0.3)

0.8 (0.4 to 1.2)

0.1 (−0.3 to 0.4)

0.76

 Eating

0.6 (0.9)

0.5 (0.6)

0.1 (−0.3 to 0.5)

− 0.3 (− 0.9 to 0.2)

0.38

 Walking

1.6 (0.9)

0.3 (0.5)

1.2 (0.9 to 1.6)

0.9 (0.3 to 1.4)

< 0.01

 Hygiene

1.4 (0.8)

0.3 (0.5)

1.1 (0.7 to 1.5)

0.6 (0.2 to 1.0)

< 0.01

 Reach

1.2 (0.9)

0.1 (0.3)

1.1 (0.7 to 1.4)

0.4 (−0.06 to 0.8)

0.07

 Grip

0.5 (0.9)

0.0 (0.0)

0.5 (0.3 to 0.8)

0.2 (−0.3 to 0.6)

0.49

 Activities

1.8 (0.9)

0.9 (0.3)

0.9 (0.6 to 1.2)

0.4 (−0.01 to 0.8)

0.08

Pain intensity, NRS, mean ^f

5.4 (3.1)

3.5 (3.1)

1.9 (0.06 to 3.8)

3.2 (0.6 to 5.6)

0.02