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Fig. 1 | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases

Fig. 1

From: Reliability of optic disc edema area in estimating the severity of papilledema in patients with POEMS syndrome

Fig. 1

Determination of ODE area through fundus photography assisted by a stereoscopic vision. a illustration of the stereoscopic vision of edematous area around optic disc obtained by slit lamp examination with Volk 90D lens. b borderline of the ODE area on a fundus photograph of a patient’s right eye with grade 5 papilledema (all major vessels were obscure on the optic disc). The edematous area often manifested as a tall and steep central uplift and a surrounding gentle downslope (marked with asterisk) in stereoscopic vision as shown in A, with a clear boundary between severe and mild edematous area but a blurred boundary between mildly edematous area and completely normal retina. The borderline of ODE area we selected on fundus photograph shown in B was the area of severe edema, corresponding to the margin of central uplift in A, and was often located at the region where color changed from edematous grayish-white to yellow-gray most dramatically. In B, we could also see an obscure yellow-grey area peripheral to the ODE area we outlined. It is the mildly edematous area corresponding to the gentle downslope in A that was not counted in this measurement

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