Table 1 Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures [20]
From: Incontinentia pigmenti burden scale: designing a family burden questionnaire
Stage | Details |
|---|---|
Preparation | Evaluation of the source text from a linguistic and cultural point of view including definition of concepts |
Forward translations | Forward translation into the required target language by two independent translators |
Reconciliation | Comparison of the two forward translations to provide the best adapted and to produce a draft versions of the text |
Back translation | Translation of the draft forward translation back into the targeted language without reference to the original language |
Back translation review | Comparison of the original text and the back translation to verify if changes are required to the draft forward version |
Analysis and implementation of back translation review report | Analysis of the back translation review report to verify if changes are required to draft forward version |
Pilot testing | Clinical review and cognitive debriefing |
Review of cognitive debriefing or clinical review results | Review of results from the cognitive debriefing or clinical review to identify translation modifications necessary for improvement |