Table 1 Severity scores for vascular anomalies

Bleeding/hemorrhage

Low-risk organs (skin and mucosa)

None

Mild without treatment

Moderate without transfusion

Severe, transfusion indicated

Very severe with hemodynamic instability

Fatal bleeding or death

High-risk organs (gastrointestinal tract and lungs)

None

Mild without treatment

Moderate without transfusion

Severe, transfusion indicated

Very severe or death

Thoracic lesions

Respiratory

None

Mild symptoms without treatment (PaO₂ ≥ 80 Torr)

Chronic continuous symptoms, oxygen administration required (PaO₂ ≥ 70 and < 80 Torr)

Severe symptoms, continuous drainage and surgery required (PaO₂ ≥ 60 and < 70 Torr)

Very severe (PaO₂ < 60 Torr, spO₂ < 90%) or death

r

Cardiac

None

Very mildly symptomatic

Mildly symptomatic without treatment

Moderate, treatment required

Moderate or severe, oxygen administration required (EF < 50%)

Severe, with continuous intervention or surgery required, or heart failure (EF < 40%)

Very severe, fatal, or death

Abdominal lesions

None

Very mildly symptomatic

Moderately symptomatic without treatment

Severe, treatment required

Very severe with continuous intervention or surgery

Fatal or death

Bone lesions

None

Very mildly symptomatic

Moderately symptomatic without treatment

Severe, treatment required

Very severe with continuous intervention or surgery

Fatal or death

Cutaneous lesions

None

Very mildly symptomatic

Moderately symptomatic without treatment

Severe, treatment required

Very severe with continuous intervention or surgery

Fatal or death

Neurological symptoms

None

Very mildly symptomatic

Moderately symptomatic without treatment

Severe, treatment required

Very severe with continuous intervention or surgery

Fatal or death

Coagulation disorder and thrombocytopenia

Normal

Mild coagulation disorder or thrombocytopenia (Plt ≤100 × 10³/μl)

Moderate coagulation disorder, low fibrinogen levels (≤100 mg/dl), or thrombocytopenia (Plt ≤50 × 10³/μl)

Severe coagulation disorder, low fibrinogen levels (≤100 mg/dl), and thrombocytopenia (Plt ≤50 × 10³/μl); treatment required

Very severe coagulation disorder, low fibrinogen levels (≤100 mg/dl) and thrombocytopenia (Plt ≤50 × 10³/μl) with continuous intervention

Fatal or death

Nutritional status

Normal

Decreased oral intake or mild body weight loss (≤3%)

Moderately decreased oral intake or body weight loss (3–5%)

Poor oral intake or body weight loss (≥5%), required treatment

Very severe with continuous intervention

Fatal or death