Table 1 Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures
From: Burden of adult neurofibromatosis 1: development and validation of a burden assessment tool
Stage | Détails |
|---|---|
Preparation | Evaluation of the source text from a linguistic and cultural point of view including definition of concepts |
Forward translations | Forward translation into the required target language by two independent translators |
Reconciliation | Comparison of the two forward translations to provide the best adaption and produce a draft version of the text |
Back translation | Translation of the draft forward translation back into the targeted language without reference to the original language |
Back-translation review | Comparison of the original text and the back translation to verify that the meaning of the draft translation is equivalent to source |
Analysis and implementation of back-translation review report | Analysis of the back-translation review report to verify if there are changes required to the draft forward |
Pilot testing | Clinical review and cognitive debriefing |
Review of cognitive debriefing or clinical review results | Review of the results from the cognitive debriefing or clinical review to identify translation modifications necessary for improvement |