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Table 3 Thyroid parameters of the whole group and the two subgroups according to the presence of an ultrasound goiter

From: Systematic thyroid screening in myotonic dystrophy: link between thyroid volume and insulin resistance

Thyroid parameters

Whole group

UsGoiter

UsNonGoiter

p-value

Number of patients (N; %)

N = 115

44 (38.3)

71 (61.7)

 

Family history of thyroid disorders (n/N; %)

14/115 (12.2)

7/44 (15.9)

7/71 (9.8)

.76

 Cancer

1/115 (0.9)

1/7 (14.3)

0

NA

Clinical evaluation

 Goiter (n/N; %)

19/115 (16.5)

19/44 (43.2)

0

<.001

 Nodule (n/N; %)

22/115 (19.1)

12/44 (27.3)

10/71 (14.1)

<.001

Ultrasound evaluation

 Thyroid volume (mean ± SD, mL)

22.9 ± 15.0

33.4 ± 25.2

12.2 ± 4.5

<.001

  Female ♀ (mean ± SD, mL)

19.5 ± 19.3

30.8 ± 26.5

11.9 ± 3.5

<.001

  Male ♂ (mean ± SD, mL)

22.2 ± 19.1

37.6 ± 23.1

12.7 ± 5.8

<.001

   < 45 years old (mean +/- SD)

18.3 ± 12.3

28.6 ± 14.5

12.4 ± 4.8

.015

   > 45 years old (mean +/- SD)

23.3 ± 25.0

38.1 ± 32.3

11.9 ± 4.2

.003

 UsNodule > 5 mm (TIRADS) (n/N; %)

70/115 (60.9)

36/44 (81.8)

34/71 (47.9)

.0006

  2

18/70 (25.7)

11/36 (30.6)

7/34 (20.6)

 

  3

23/70 (32.8)

9/36 (25)

14/34 (41.2)

 

  4 (4A and 4B)

16/70 (22.9)

7/36 (19.4)

9/34 (26.5)

 

  5

4/70 (5.7)

2/36 (5.6)

2/34 (5.9)

 

  Missing data

9/70 (12.9)

7/36 (19.4)

2/34 (5.9)

 

 FNAC – Bethesda (22/116 FNAC)

22/70 (31.4)

13/36 (36.1)

9/34 (26.5)

.03

  1} Non-diagnostic

5/22 (22.8)

4/13 (30.8)

1/9 (11.1)

 

  2} Benign: 0–3% of malignancy

11/22 (50.0)

8/13 (61.5)

3/9 (23.1)

 

  3 and 4} 5–30% of malignancy

3/22 (13.6)

0

3/9 (23.1)

 

  5 and 6} 60–99% of malignancy

3/22 (13.6)

1/13 (7.7)

2/9 (15.4)

 

Biological evaluation

 TSH (mean ± SD; μIU/mL)

1.7 ± 1.2

1.3 ± 0.9

2.0 ± 1.2

<.001

   < 0.4 (n/N; %)

9/115 (7.8)

5/44 (11.4)

4/71 (5.6)

 

  0.4–3.6 (n/N; %)

92/115 (80.0)

34/44 (77.3)

58/71 (81.7)

 

   > 3.6 (n/N; %)

15/115 (13.0)

6/44 (13.6)

9/71 (12.7)

.74

 FT4 (mean ± SD; ng/dL)

0.9 ± 0.3

0.9 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.2

.01

 FT3 (mean ± SD; pg/mL)

3.4 ± 0.6

3.4 ± 0.6

3.4 ± 0.5

.77

Anti-TPO Antibodies (n/N; %; IU/L)

   

.51

  Negative

52/115 (45.2)

23/44 (52.3)

29/71 (40.8)

 

  Positive

52/115 (45.2)

19/44 (43.2)

33/71 (46.5)

 

  Missing data

12/115 (10.4)

3/44 (6.8)

9/71 (21.9)

 

Thyroid cancer (n/N; %)

9/115 (7.8)

8/44 (18.2)

1/71 (1.4)

.002

 Recurrence (clinical and US scan)

0

0

0

 

 Rise of thyroglobulin

1/9 (11.1)

1/8 (12.5)

0

 

 Death

0

0

0

 

Treatment (n/N; %)

   

NA

 Total thyroidectomy – indications (n/N; %)

16/115 (13.9)

11/44 (25)

5/71 (7.1)

 

  For goiter (compression, aesthetic issues)

10/16 (62.5)

10/11 (91)

0/5

 

  For suspicious nodule

6/16 (37.5)

1/11 (9)

5/5 (100)

 

 Radioiodine therapy for carcinoma

3/9 (33.3)

2/44 (4.5)

1/71 (1.4)

 

 LT4 Therapy

23/115 (20)

12/44 (27.3)

11/71 (15.5)

 
  1. Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile, Us Ultrasound, FNAC Fine needle aspiration cytology, TPO Thyroperoxydase, LT4 Levothyroxine
  2. Nodule classification – Always considering the nodule with the higher TIRADS if there were multiple nodules, FNAC Fine needle aspiration cytology, TPO Thyroperoxydase auto-antibodies