Table 2 TAND Features in Children vs Adults
From: TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND): findings from the TOSCA natural history study
TAND Features | Children (≤ 18 Years) With Manifestation, (n = 1410) n (%) | Adults (> 18 Years) With Manifestation, (n = 806) n (%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Behavioural levela | |||
Overactivity | 290 (54.8) | 47 (21.4) | < 0.0001 |
Sleep difficulties | 225 (43.4) | 106 (45.1) | 0.6531 |
Impulsivity | 244 (46.7) | 73 (33.2) | 0.0006 |
Anxiety | 130 (25.8) | 110 (50.9) | < 0.0001 |
Mood swings | 128 (25.2) | 86 (40.8) | < 0.0001 |
Severe aggression | 121 (22.9) | 62 (27.4) | 0.1850 |
Depressed mood | 41 (8.2) | 98 (43.9) | < 0.0001 |
Self-injury | 73 (13.9) | 44 (19.2) | 0.0625 |
Obsessions | 59 (11.8) | 41 (19.2) | 0.0085 |
Psychosis | 15 (3.0) | 25 (11.3) | < 0.0001 |
Hallucinations | 3 (0.6) | 23 (10.3) | < 0.0001 |
Psychiatric levela | |||
ASD | 246 (23.1) | 68 (16.1) | 0.0029 |
ADHD | 227 (22.4) | 41 (10.5) | < 0.0001 |
Anxiety disorder | 68 (7) | 65 (16.8) | < 0.0001 |
Depressive disorder | 21 (2.1) | 63 (16.3) | < 0.0001 |
Intellectual levelb | |||
Normal IQ | 283 (43.5) | 110 (47.0) | |
Mild ID | 202 (31) | 47 (20.1) | |
Moderate ID | 101 (15.5) | 33 (14.1) | 0.0005e |
Severe ID | 51 (7.8) | 31 (13.2) | |
Profound ID | 14 (2.2) | 13 (5.6) | |
Academic level | |||
Individuals ever had difficulties in academic performancea | 506 (60.5) | 229 (54.8) | 0.0517 |
Individuals assessed for academic difficultiesc | 273 (54.0)c | 86 (37.6)c | 0.0785 |
Neuropsychological level | |||
Individuals ever had any neuropsychological skill assesseda | 414 (42.5) | 150 (39.4) | 0.2926 |
Individuals with performance <5th percentiled | 235 (56.8)d | 79 (52.7)d | 0.5333 |