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Table 1 Treatment characteristics of the experimental groups

From: Manual and educational therapy in the treatment of hemophilic arthropathy of the elbow: a randomized pilot study

Group

Duration

Intervention

MT

5 min

Thermotherapy shallow to 50 cm away from the elbow, using a bulb of 250w.

15 min

Joint traction of elbow, in submaximal mobility amplitude with distal fixation of humerus and proximal fixation of radius and ulna in neutral position of forearm. Joint traction in I-II degree of flexion and extension submaximal of elbow.

15 min

Muscle stretching (within the limits of mobility). Compression technique, passive muscle stretching and relaxation in biceps and triceps.

15 min

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) of upper limb, from the abduction, flexion and external rotation of shoulder with extension of elbow and dorsal flexion of wrist, to adduction, internal rotation of shoulder with flexion of elbow and palmar flexion of wrist and fingers.

10 min

Local cryotherapy with ice bag and protection between it and the skin

 

Duration

Session

Intervention

EG

30 min

1

Theory: Introduction to haemophilia: clinic and treatment. Anatomy and biomechanics of elbow

20 min

Theory: exercises for the maintenance and improvement of ROM, in favor of gravity

20 min

Practice: exercises in favor of gravity

20 min

Resolution of questions and group discussion

30 min

2

Theory: Anatomy of elbow musculature. Function of muscles and hematomas’ treatment

20 min

Theory: exercise for maintaining and improving strength

20 min

Practice: isometric and isotonic exercises of elbow

20 min

Resolution of questions and group discussion

30 min

3

Theory: hemarthrosis, synovitis and arthropathy: clinical manifestations and treatment

20 min

Theory: treatment of pain and mobility

20 min

Practice: active exercises for mobility and pain management

20 min

Resolution of questions and group discussion

30 min

4

Theory: Proprioception: definition and importance in haemophilia

20 min

Theory: proprioception exercises

20 min

Practice: elbow proprioception exercises

20 min

Resolution of questions and group discussion

30 min

5

Theory: Physical activity and sport: risks and benefits

20 min

Theory: recommended sports in haemophilia

20 min

Practice: swimming technique

20 min

Resolution of questions and group discussion

30 min

6

Theory review

30 min

Review of practical exercises

20 min

Resolution of questions and group discussion