Reference
|
Method
|
Microcephaly/Microencephaly
|
Cerebral or lobar atrophy
|
Brain stem size reduction
|
Malformation cortical development
|
Corpus callosum anomalies
|
Ventricles dilatation
|
Cerebellar anomalies
|
Cisterna magna enlargement
|
Pituitary
|
---|
Roshan Lal 2016
|
MRI
|
4/15
|
6/15
|
3/15
|
1/15
|
3/15
|
3/15
|
5/15
|
5/15
|
4/15
|
Whitehead 2015
|
MRI and/or CT
|
6/7
|
6/8
|
5/7
|
5/8
|
NME
|
NME
|
6/8
|
NME
|
0/8
|
Lalatta 2007
|
MRI
|
1/2
|
1/2
|
0/2
|
0/2
|
1/2
|
0/2
|
1/2
|
0/2
|
0/2
|
Vuilleumier 2002
|
Autopsy
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
0/1
|
1/1
|
NME
|
0/1
|
0/1
|
0/1
|
0/1
|
Yamaguchi 1999
|
Autopsy
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
NME
|
NME
|
1/1
|
NME
|
NME
|
Sasaki 1996
|
Autopsy
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
NME
|
1/1
|
NME
|
NME
|
NME
|
Hayashi 1996
|
Autopsy
|
NME
|
NME
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
Sato 1986
|
Autopsy
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
0/1
|
1/1
|
a
|
0/1a
|
0/1
|
NME
|
a
|
France 1969
|
Autopsy
|
2/2
|
NME
|
2/2
|
2/2c
|
NME
|
1/2
|
1/2
|
NME
|
1/2
|
Mc Artur 1967
|
Autopsy
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
NME
|
0/1
|
NME
|
NME
|
0/1
|
NME
|
0/1
|
Hart 1965
|
Autopsy
|
1/1
|
NME
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
NME
|
NME
|
NME
|
NME
|
1/1
|
Schlesinger 1963
|
Autopsy
|
2/2
|
2/2
|
NME
|
2/2
|
NME
|
NME
|
NME
|
NME
|
2/2b
|
- Data are presented as “number of affected cases/number of total investigated cases”
- CT = computed tomography, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, NME = no explicitly mentioned
-
aInvolved by tumor invasion
-
bHistological changes
-
cNot severe gyral abnormalities but histological signs of malformation of cortical development