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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients with PWS

From: Prevalence and risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus with Prader–Willi syndrome: a single center experience

 

DM, n (%)

29 (34.5)

Non-DM, n (%)

55 (65.5)

Total, n (%)

84 (100)

p-value*

Age (years) (range)

20.4 ± 5.7 (12.7–35.8)

15.8 ± 4.1 (10.3–31.8)

17.4 ± 5.1 (10.3–35.8)

< 0.001

Age at diagnosis with DM (years)

15.9 ± 3.6 (10.1–27.0)

-

-

-

Age at diagnosis with PWS (years)

6.9 ± 7.2

4.7 ± 5.0

5.5 ± 5.9

0.151

Gender (male), n (%)

22 (75.9)

30 (54.5)

52 (61.9)

0.057

Genotype (deletion), n (%)

21 (72.4)

38 (69.1)

59 (70.2)

0.757

BMI, kg/m2 (SD)

35.7 ± 9.2 (2.8 ± 1.0)

28.3 ± 8.9 (1.7 ± 1.3)

30.8 ± 9.6 (2.1 ± 1.3)

< 0.001

Obesitya, n (%)

23 (79.3)

22 (40)

57 (67.9)

0.001

HOMA-IR

6.3 ± 3.5

3.4 ± 3.8

4.4 ± 3.9

0.001

HbA1C, % (mmol/mol)

8.4 ± 2.3

5.6 ± 0.3

6.6 ± 1.9

< 0.001

Basal insulin (μIU/mL)

45.7 ± 31.1

25.3 ± 23.0

32.5 ± 27.7

0.001

Basal C-peptide (ng/mL)

7.0 ± 2.8

4.8 ± 2.9

5.7 ± 3.0

0.004

Age at GHT start (years)

7.0 ± 3.8

6.7 ± 4.3

6.8 ± 4.1

0.795

Previous GHT duration (years)

6.3 ± 3.3

7.5 ± 3.1

7.2 ± 3.2

0.140

GHT, n (%)

21 (72.4)

50 (90.9)

71 (84.5)

0.027

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

16 (55.2)

11 (20.0)

27 (32.1)

0.001

Hypothyroidism, n (%)

0 (0)

2 (3.6)

2 (2.4)

0.988

Hypogonadism, n (%)

19 (65.5)

20 (36.4)

39 (46.4)

0.011

Central precocious puberty, n (%)

2 (6.9)

12 (21.8)

14 (16.7)

0.071

  1. Data are presented as number (%) or mean ± SD
  2. DM Diabetes Mellitus, DMT treatment of DM, GHT growth hormone treatment, BMI body mass index, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment, HbA1C hemoglobin A1C
  3. *Significant at p < 0.05
  4. aIn this study, obesity is defined as BMI cut-off point >30 in adults, >2 SDS in children and adolescents