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Table 2 Indications and results of the nine amniocenteses

From: Early diagnosis and care is achieved but should be improved in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome

Case

Sex

Indication

Result

Postnatal genotype

2

F

Maternal age, clubfoot, nasal bone abnormality

Normal karyotype

Abnormal methylation profile

6

F

Hydramnios, IUGR

Normal karyotype, no PW deletion

UPD

15

F

Hydramnios, IUGR, hypomobility

Normal karyotype

Deletion

43

F

Hydramnios

Normal karyotype

UPD

45

F

Cervical hygroma

Normal karyotype

Deletion

46

M

IUGR, VSD, hypospadias

Normal karyotype, negative 22q11 FISH

UPD

47

M

Abnormal combined test

Normal karyotype

Deletion

50

F

Abnormal combined test

Normal karyotype

UPD

52

F

Hydramnios

Normal karyotype

Deletion

  1. IUGR: intrauterine growth retardation, VSD: ventricular septal defect, UPD: uniparental disomy. The combined test for systematic screening for Down syndrome is performed between 10 weeks and 13 weeks and 6 days of amenorrhea, according to maternal age; it comprises ultrasound measurement of nuchal translucency and plasma evaluation of free β-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A)