Fig. 1

Flow diagram of patient recruitment, sample collection and its disposition at different levels of health care facilities/laboratories. a Initial presentation of patients with bleeding disorders at primary and/or secondary health care centers. b Referral of patients to the tertiary health care centers or laboratories for definitive diagnosis. Patients were recruited into the study at this point (c). Samples sent over to the central reference laboratory NIBD where the tests were repeated to establish reliability. CHL, Children Hospital Lahore; CL, Chughtai’s Laboratory; FFK, Fatimid Foundation Karachi; HMC, Hayatabad Medical Complex; KP, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa; LRH, Lady Reading Hospital; NIBD, National Institute of Blood Diseases; PAEC, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission. N = number of patients with ARBD, () indicate total number of patients recruited from each center initially