Disease | Genetic defect(s) | Orphanet Number | Typical clinical phenotype | Thymus | Immunophenotype | Refs. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | B | NK | ||||||
Nude SCID | FOXN1 (AR) | ORPHA169095 | Congenital AU, nail dystrophy, OS, early onset severe recurrent infections | Absent | ↓ | ↔ | ↔ | [2, 23, 26] |
T-B + NK+ SCIDs | IL-7Rα (AR) | ORPHA169154 |
FTT, diarrhoea, rash, early onset severe recurrent infections. Chronic EBV & EBV-driven lymphoma (coronin1a deficiency) | Present/Absent | ↓ | ↔ |
↔ (may be ↓ in coronin1a & CD45 deficiency) | [49, 80–89] |
CORO1A (AR) | ORPHA228003 | |||||||
CD45 (AR) | ORPHA169157 | |||||||
CD3δ (AR) | ORPHA169160 | |||||||
CD3ε (AR) | ORPHA169160 | |||||||
CD3ζ (AR) | ORPHA169160 | |||||||
CIDs |
MHC II deficiency: CIITA, RFX5, RFXAP, RFXANK (AR) | ORPHA572 | FTT, chronic diarrhoea, autoimmunity, recurrent severe infections of respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts | ND | ↓ CD4+ T-cells | ↔ | ↔ | [49, 90–93] |
MAGT1 (XL) | ORPHA317476 | Splenomegaly, chronic EBV viraemia, EBV-driven lymphoma, recurrent infections | ND | ↓ CD4+ T-cells | ↔ | ↔ | [49, 94] | |
LCK (AR) | ORPHA 280142 | FTT, diarrhoea, autoimmunity, recurrent severe infections | ND | ↓ CD4+ T-cells | ↔ | ↔ | [49, 95] | |
Omenn Syndrome |
E.g. IL-7Rα, RMRP (AR) CHD7 (AD) Atypical complete DGS | ORPHA39041 | Erythroderma, eczema, diarrhoea, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, high serum IgE, early onset severe recurrent infections | Normal/Hypoplastic/Absent | ↔/↓ | ↔ | ↔ | [49, 81, 96–100] |
DiGeorge Syndrome |
22q11.2 deletion 90% of cases (de novo/AD) 10p deletions | ORPHA567 |
Heart defects, hypoparathyroidism, facial dysmorphism, developmental delay. Variable infection susceptibility: No/mild infections (partial DGS) to severe recurrent infections (complete DGS) | Normal/Hypoplastic (partial DGS)/Absent (complete DGS) | ↔/↓ | ↔ | ↔ | [49, 69, 101] |
CHARGE Syndrome |
CHD7 (70% of cases)
(de novo or AD) | ORPHA138 |
Coloboma, heart defects, choanal atresia, retardation of growth/development, ear abnormalities/deafness. Variable infection susceptibility | Normal/Hypoplastic/Absent | ↔/↓ | ↔ | ↔ | [49, 97, 102, 103] |
Dyskeratosis Congenita |
TERC, TERT, TINF2, RTEL1 (AD) TERT, CTC1, RTEL1, WRAP53, NHP2, NOP10 (AR) DKC1I (XL) | ORPHA1775 | Alopecia, nail dystrophy, reticular hyper- and hypo-pigmentation, oral leukoplakia, recurrent sinopulmonary or opportunistic infections | ND | ↔/↓ | ↔/↓ | ↔/↓ | [49, 104–107] |