Table 2 Main clinical features of RVOT tachycardia, RV AC and LV AC
Idiopathic RVOT tachycardia | RV AC | LV AC | |
|---|---|---|---|
Family history | - | + | + |
Cardiocutaneous syndrome | - | + Naxos syndrome | + Carvajal syndrome |
Desmosomal gene mutations | - | up to 60 % | about 30 % |
12 lead ECG | Normal | Normal or T-wave inversion V1-V3/V4 | Normal or T-wave inversion infero-lateral leads |
RBBB varying degree | ε wave II,III, aVF, and/or V4-V6, I, aVL | ||
S wave delayed upstroke, ε wave V1-V3 | Low voltage QRS complexes | ||
SAECG | - | + | -+ |
Arrhythmia | LBBB morphology PVCs/ventricular arrhythmias with an inferior axis (R wave positive in leads II and III and negative in lead aVL) | LBBB morphology PVCs/ventricular arrhythmias, with inferior, superior and intermediate QRS axis | RBBB morphology PVCs/ventricular arrhythmias |
Single VT morphology, QRS axis inferior | Multiple VT morphologies common | Multiple VT morphologies common | |
Inducibility at EPS | +- | + | NA |
Ventricular volumes | Normal or RVOT mild dilatation | Normal or mild, moderate or severe RV dilatation ± dysfunction, | Normal or mild, moderate or severe LV dilatation ± dysfunction |
RV/LV volume ≥1.2 | RV/LV volume <1 | ||
Other imaging findings | - | Localized dilatation, WMA, and/or aneurysms in RV | Localized dilatation, WMA, and/or aneurysms in LV |
Non-compacted appearance | |||
EMB | - | + | -+ |
CMR | - | Fat in RV myocardium | LE in LV myocardium (subepicardial-midmural) |
LE in RV myocardium | |||
RV Electro-anatomic mapping | - | + | -+ |
SCD risk | - | + | + |