Table 2 Polymorphisms previously reported to be associated with exercise related muscle injury

ACE

Increased CK levels following eccentric exercise

rs4340

Dose dependent increase of CK (II higher than ID)

[102]

No association

rs4340

-

[101]

No association

rs4340

-

[100]

ACTN3

Exertion rhabdomyolysis

rs1815739

TT genotype

[100]

No association with CK/Mb changes

rs1815739

TT genotype – lower baseline CK

[104]

CCL2

Exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage following maximal eccentric exercise

rs3917878, rs13900, rs1024611, rs1860189

rs3917878 – high CK response (women) and attenuated strength recovery (men) rs13900, rs1024611 and rs1860189 - abnormal preexercise CK level (women)

[106]

CCR2

Exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage following maximal eccentric exercise

rs3918358, rs768539, rs1799865,

rs3918358 – slower strength recovery (women) rs1799865 – soreness rs1799865 – abnormal preexercise CK level (women) rs768539 and rs3918358 – preexercise strength (men)

[106]

CKMM

Exertion rhabdomyolysis

rs1803285

GG genotype

[100]

Increased CK following exertion

rs1803285

AA genotype

[101]

IGF-II

Muscle damage following maximal isotonic eccentric contractions

rs3213221, rs680, rs7924316, rs2132570

Strength loss, soreness and high CK (Muscle damage indicators)

[105]

IL6

Increased CK levels following maximal eccentric exercise

rs13447445

Dose dependent increase of CK (CC higher than CG genotypes)

[107]

No association

rs13447445

-

[100]

MYLK

No association

rs2700352

-

[100]

Muscle damage following maximal eccentric exercise

rs2700352, rs28497577

GG has greater increase in CK and myoglobin following exercise, higher baseline strength AC greater increase CK following exercise, postexercise strength loss (no AA data)

[104]

Exertion rhabdomyolysis

rs28497577

AC or AA

[100]

TNFA

Increased CK levels following maximal eccentric exercise

rs361525

Mild association

[107]