No. | Reference | Age at onset | Sex | Clinical presentation | Treatment | Outcome | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Years | OH-Cbl | Betaine | Folate | Carnitine | Met | |||||
1 | [12] | 1.25 | F | PAH | x | Complete recovery | ||||
2 | [13] | 1.5 | M | PAH, HUS | Untreated | Deceased without diagnosis | ||||
3 | [7] | 1.5 | F | No information available | No information available | No information available | ||||
4 | [7] | 1.5 | F | No information available | No information available | No information available | ||||
5 | [7] | 2 | M | Lethargy, convulsions, hypotonia | No information available | No information available | ||||
6 | [7] | 2 | M | No information available | No information available | No information available | ||||
7 | [10] | 2,5 | M | Asymptomatic | Untreated | No information available | ||||
8 | [13] | 2,5 | M | PAH, HUS | x | Deceased | ||||
9 | [14] | 3 | M | PAH, HUS | Untreated | Deceased without diagnosis | ||||
10 | [13] | 3 | M | PAH, HUS | Untreated | Deceased without diagnosis | ||||
11 | [7] | 3.5 | M | Cognitive decline, lethargy, convulsions | No information available | No information available | ||||
12 | [13] | 4 | F | PAH, HUS | x | Progressive PAH | ||||
13 | [15] | 4 | F | HUS | x | x | x | Complete recovery | ||
14 | [16] | 4 | F | Cognitive decline, neuropathy, ataxia | x | x | x | Improvement, mild cognitive impairment, neurological sequelae | ||
15 | [17] | 6 | F | HUS | x | x | x | Chronic renal failure | ||
16 | [18] | 7 | F | Neuropathy, myelopathy, cognitive impairment, epilepsy | x | x | Cognition improved, seizures resolved, neurological sequelae | |||
17 | [17] | 8 | F | HUS | x | x | x | Renal parameters improved | ||
18 | [19] | 10 | F | Acute cognitive decline, anorexia, catatonia, psychosis, seizures. Brain volume loss, thinned corpus callosum | x | x | Seizures and psychiatric symptoms improved | |||
19 | [20] | 11 | F | Cognitive decline, behavioral changes, ataxia, myoclonic jerks | x | x | x | x | Complete recovery | |
20 | [15] | 11 | M | HUS, hypertensive encephalopathy, coma, convulsions | x | x | x | Complete recovery (but antihypertensive drugs necessary) | ||
21 | [9] | 12 | F | Ataxia, neuropathy, myelopathy, mild neuropsychiatric symptoms. | x | Improved; neurological sequelae | ||||
22 | [21] | 13 | F | Cognitive decline, ataxia/dysarthria, EEG abnormal | x | Cognition improved, neurological sequelae | ||||
23 | [13] | 14 | F | PAH, HUS | x | "Stable" disease | ||||
24 | [19] | 14 | F | Cognitive decline, depression, ataxia, seizures, neuropathy/myelopathy | x | x | x | Improved; neurological sequelae | ||
25 | [10] | 14 | M | Acute psychosis, mental retardation | Untreated | No information available | ||||
26 | [22] | 16 | F | Thromboembolism, neuropathy, myelopathy, psychiatric symptoms | x | x | x | x | Disease progression | |
27 | [23] | 16 | M | Atypical glomerulopathy | x | x | x | Coma, deceased | ||
28 | [24] | 18 | F | Glomerulonephritis; psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, recurrent thromboses, pulmonary embolism, seizures, neuropathy, myelopathy, cortical atrophy, leukoencephalopathy, corpus callosum agenesis | x | x | x | Deceased after initial improvement | ||
29 | [25] | 20 | M | HUS, renal failure, malignant hypertension | x | x | x | Improved, renal function stable | ||
30 | [26] | 20 | M | Neuropathy, myelopathy, progressive encephalopathy, confusion, deep venous thrombosis, progressive respiratory failure | x | x | Improved, neurological sequelae | |||
31 | [18] | 22 | F | Triggered by pregnancy/caesarian section: Sluggish response, neuropathy | x | x | Complete recovery | |||
32 | [27] | 23 | M | Cognitive impairment, ataxia, neuropathy, spinal cord myelin lesions | x | x | x | x | Improved, neurological sequelae | |
33 | [22] | 24 | F | Myelopathy | x | x | x | x | Moderate myelopathy | |
34 | [9] | 29 | F | Asymptomatic | Untreated | Asymptomatic | ||||
35 | [11] | 29 | F | Asymptomatic | x | Biochemical response | ||||
36 | [28] | 32 | F | Progressive neuropathy, myelopathy, optic disk pallor, leukopenia | Untreated | Deceased without diagnosis | ||||
37 | [24] | 33 | F | Glomerulonephritis, recurrent deep venous thrombosis. | x | x | x | No more thromboses | ||
38 | [29] | 36 | F | Neuropathy, psychiatric symptoms | x | x | x | Mental status improved, neurological sequelae | ||
39 | [30] | 38 | M | Hypertension, seizures, progressive confusion, progressive periventricular white matter lesions | x | x | x | Complete recovery | ||
40 | [18] | 40 | M | Cognitive decline, hallucinations, neuropathy, myelopathy, brain atrophy. | x | x | Complete recovery | |||
41 | [24] | 41 | M | Depression, neuropathy, myelopathy, periventricular leucoencephalopathy, abnormal signal in spinal cord myelin | x | x | x | Overall improvement. Spinal cord myelin lesion disappeared | ||
42 | [28] | 44 | F | Cognitive decline, optic disk pallor, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism | Untreated | Deceased without diagnosis | ||||
43-48 | [3] | 4-14 | n.a. | No individual information reported | No information available | N = 5 "very positive"; n = 1 "moderately impaired" | ||||
49-58 | [4] | 1-13.5 | 5 M | No individual information reported | No information available | Overall reduction of symptoms | ||||
5 F |