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Table 2 Overview of assessment instruments in the reviewed studies

From: Quality of life, psychological adjustment, and adaptive functioning of patients with intoxication-type inborn errors of metabolism - a systematic review

Assessment instrument

General use

Reference

ABAS

Adaptive behavior assessment system

Assessment of adaptive behaviour and skills necessary for daily living, for individuals from birth to 89 years. Thirteen scales are organised in three general areas: conceptual, social, practical. Versions for self- and different proxy-reports are available.

Harrison, PL, Oakland, T (2003). Adaptive Behavior Assessment System - Second Edition. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.

BAI

Beck anxiety inventory

Assessment of severity of anxiety of individuals aged from 17 to 80 years. Consists of 21 multiple choice questions for self-report.

Beck, A, Steer, R (1993). Manual for the Beck Anxiety Inventory. San Antonio, Texas, USA: The Psychological Corporation Harchourt Brace & Company; 1993.

BASC

Behavior assessment system for children

Assessment of behaviour and self-perception of children aged from 2 years 6 months to 18 years. Teacher-, parent- and self-report versions available.

Reynolds CR, Kamphaus RW: Behavior assessment system for children. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service 1992.

BDI

Beck depression inventory

Assessment of severity of depression of individuals aged from 13 to 80 years. Consists of 21 multiple choice questions for self-report.

Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J: An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961, 4:561-571.

BYI

Beck youth inventory

Consisting of five inventories (anger, anxiety, depression, disruptive behaviour, self-concept) for children and adolescents aged from 7 to 17 years. Each inventory consists of 20 questions for self-report.

Beck, J, Beck, A, Jolly, J (2001). Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment. San Antonio, Texas USA: The Psychological Corporation.

CBCL

Child behaviour check list

Ratings of behavioural, emotional and social functioning of children and adolescents aged from 1 year 6 month to 18 years. Behaviours are categorized into internalising problem scales (e.g. anxiety, somatic complaints) and externalising problem scales (e.g. aggressive behaviour, attention problems). The CBCL is for parent-report, a teacher-report form (TRF) and a youth-report form (YRF) are available.

Achenbach, TM, & Rescorla, LA (2000). Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.

KINDL

Revised questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life in children and adolescents

Generic instrument to assess health-related quality of life in children and adolescents aged from 3 to 17 years. Version for three age groups are available (Kiddy-, Kid-, Kiddo-KINDL), each in self- and proxy-rating. Dimensions: psychological well-being, social relationships, physical function, everyday life activities.

Ravens-Sieberer U, Bullinger M: Assessing health-related quality of life in chronically ill children with the German KINDL: first psychometric and content analytical results. Qual Life Res 1998, 7:399-407.

K-SADS

Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children

Semi-structured interview to make DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV) diagnoses in children and adolescents from aged from 6 to 16 years. Answers from parents and children are both considered.

Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P, Williamson D, Ryan N: Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997, 36:980-988.

PedsQL

Pediatric quality of life inventory

Assessment of health-related quality of life in children and adolescents aged from 2 to 18 years. Can be used in healthy individuals (generic module) and in those with health conditions (additional disease-specific modules). Self- and proxy-report versions are available. Consists of 23 items forming the generic module. Disease-specific modules are available e.g. for asthma, diabetes, cancer. Scales: Physical, emotional, social and school functioning.

Varni JW, Seid M, Rode CA: The PedsQL: measurement model for the pediatric quality of life inventory. Med Care 1999, 37:126-139.

SCID

Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV

Semi-structured interview to make DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV) diagnoses in adults, version for children is available.

First MB, Spitzer, RL, Gibbon, M, Williams, JBW: Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV_TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-Patient Edition. New York, NY: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 2002.

SDQ

Strengths and difficulties questionnaire

Instrument to screen behavioural strengths and difficulties in children and adolescents aged from 3-16 years. Parent- or teacher-report, available in self-report for 11-16 year olds. 25 Items for 5 scales: emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems, prosocial behaviour.

Goodman R: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1997, 38:581-586.

Vineland

Vineland adaptive behavior scale

Assessment of adaptive behaviour and skills necessary for daily living from birth to 90 years. Scales refer to functions necessary for daily living and are organised in three main areas: Communication, daily living skills, socialization. Self-, caregiver- and teacher-rating forms are available.

Sparrow SS, Cicchetti, DV, Balla, DA: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Circle Pines, MN: AGS Publishing; 2005.

WHOQOL-100

World health organisation quality of life assessment

Instrument to assess subjective quality of life in adults. Self- and proxy-report version available. Dimensions: physical, psychological, independence, social, environment, religion/spirituality.

The WHOQOL Group: The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): development and general psychometric properties. Soc Sci Med 1998, 46:1569-1585.