Autoimmune pancreatitis can develop into chronic pancreatitis

Table 3 Clinical features, laboratory tests, and pancreatic morphology at diagnosis (From Ref. [54])

	Progression to CP	Non-progression to CP	P value
	(n = 16)	(n = 57)
Clinical features	Median (range)
Observation period^§	102 (37–165)	87 (36–230)	0.522
Age	66.5 (48–75)	65 (38–84)	0.989
Gender (M/F)	13/3	43/14	0.748
Alcohol (+/−)	6/10	29/28	0.405
PSL (+/−)	13/3	50/7	0.681
PSL maintenance therapy (+/−)	10/6	41/16	0.542
Relapse (+/−)	8/8	12/45	0.030^*
Laboratory tests
IgG	2140 (1166–3861)	2227 (892–7236)	0.509
IgG4	421 (146–1845)	663 (4–2970)	0.267
C3	100 (52–122)	98 (29–218)	0.551
C4	21.8 (12.4–37.7)	21.1 (1.1–47.3)	0.495
sIL2-R	726 (132–1845)	892 (257–4695)	0.053
CIC	5 (1.9–13.9)	5.7 (1.4–40)	0.219
Pancreatic morphology at diagnosis
Pancreatic swelling (by CT)
Head (+/−)	15/1	41/16	0.096
Body (+/−)	12/4	36/21	0.553
Tail (+/−)	10/6	37/20	1.000
Level 1/Level 2^Φ	8/8	30/27	1.000
Ductal narrowing in MPD (by ERP)
Head (+/−)	13/3	44/13	1.000
Wirsung & Santorini (+/−)	11/5	34/23	0.573
Body (+/−)	3/13	37/20	0.001^*
Tail (+/−)	12/4	42/15	1.000
Level 1/Level 2^Ψ	6/10	17/40	0.558
Ductal dilatation in MPD (+/−)	9/7	7/50	0.001^*

^§Period from AIP diagnosis to the most recent observation (months).
^ΦSwelling was classified as level 1 (diffuse swelling) or level 2 (focal/segmental swelling) as defined by the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for Autoimmune Pancreatitis.
^ΨPancreatic duct narrowing was classified as level 1 (long [segmental/diffuse] or multiple strictures) or level 2 (focal narrowing) as defined by the International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for Autoimmune Pancreatitis.
* P < 0.05.
CP: chronic pancreatitis, PSL: prednisolone, sIL2-R: soluble interleukin 2 receptor,
CIC: circulating immune complex, MPD: main pancreatic duct.

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