Table 2 Results of the cephalometric analysis in norma lateralis and frontalis
From: A possible cranio-oro-facial phenotype in Cockayne syndrome
Measurement | Patient 8 | Patient 9 | Patient 10 | Patient 11 | Patient 12 | Patient 14 | Patient 15 | Patient 16 | Patient 17 | CS | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(6.7) | (7.11) | (8.1) | (9.1) | (9.5) | (14.6) | (15.10) | (16.5) | (28.5) | |||||||||||
Norma lateralis | |||||||||||||||||||
Typology | |||||||||||||||||||
Facial axis (°) (1) | 81.0 | (89.5; 3.8) | 79.6 | (89.6 ;4.0) | 88.0 | (89.5; 3.6) | 89.0 | (89.6; 4.1) | 76.0 | (89.3; 4.3) | 76.0 | (89.4; 4.3) | 74.0 | (89.2; 4.5) | 96.0 | (88.9; 4.6) | 80.0 | (89.0; 4.0) | ↑ |
Facial depth (°) (2) | 73.0 | (83.2; 3.2) | 84.1 | (83.8 ;2.8) | 81.0 | (82.1; 3.3) | 80.0 | (84.3; 3.0) | 74.0 | (83.3; 3.7) | 67.0 | (82.9; 4.5) | 75.0 | (82.5; 3.9) | 78.0 | (86.0; 2.5) | ↓ | ||
Lower facial height (°) (3) | 56.0 | (47.0; 4.0) | 53.2 | (47.0 ;4.0) | 43.0 | (47.0; 4.0) | 41.0 | (47.0; 4.0) | 58.0 | (47.0; 4.0) | 50.0 | (47.0; 4.0) | 51.0 | (47.0; 4.0) | 47.0 | (47.0; 4.0) | 50.0 | (47.0; 4.0) | N |
Mandibular arc (°) (4) | 31.0 | (26.0; 3.5) | 20.1 | (26.0 ;3.5) | 26.0 | (26.0; 3.5) | 52.0 | (26.0; 3.5) | 13.0 | (26.0; 3.5) | 18.0 | (28.0; 3.5) | 22.0 | (29.0; 3.5) | 16.0 | (29.0; 3.5) | 22.0 | (30.0; 3.5) | ↓ |
FMA (°) (5) | 45.0 | (29.4; 4.5) | 38.8 | (28.6 ;3.8) | 36.0 | (29.4; 4.8) | 50.0 | (27.7; 5.8) | 44.0 | (28.5; 6.2) | 36.0 | (28.7; 5.2) | 41.0 | (25.8; 3.0) | ↑ | ||||
AFH (mm) (6) | 50.0 | (57.1; 3.1) | 76.4 | (53.3;3.3) | 46.0 | (61.8; 3.6) | 46.0 | (60.2; 3.6) | 50.0 | (62.8; 3.9) | 52.0 | (70.7; 5.5) | 51.0 | (73.3; 5.8) | 49.0 | (76.1; 5.6) | 58.0 | (67.2; 4.3) | ↓ |
PFH (mm) (7) | 22.0 | (37.9; 3.7) | 28.5 | (33.6 ;2.7) | 25.0 | (42.2; 3.4) | 23.0 | (41.2; 3.5) | 25.0 | (43.4; 3.3) | 19.0 | (51.4; 4.6) | 22.0 | (51.4; 4.6) | 26.0 | (54.3; 4.1) | 30.0 | (49.6; 3.9) | ↓ |
FHI (%) | 0.4 | (0.6) | 0.37 | (0.6) | 0.5 | (0.6) | 0.5 | (0.6) | 0.5 | (0.6) | 0.3 | (0.7) | 0.4 | (0.7) | 0.5 | (0.7) | 0.5 | (0.7) | ↓ |
Skelatal analysis | |||||||||||||||||||
Convexity (mm) (8) | 10.0 | (4.5; 2.2) | 11.9 | (4.1 ;2.4) | 5.0 | (4.4; 2.5) | 12.0 | (3.6; 2.7) | 7.0 | (3.8; 2.3) | 11.5 | (2.8; 2.6) | 9.0 | (2.8; 2.8) | 9.0 | (2.6; 3.4) | 8.5 | (1.7; 2.9) | ↑ |
ANB (°) (9) | 15.0 | (4.7; 2.2) | 10.9 | (4.6 ;2.4) | 8.0 | (4.8; 2.2) | 14.0 | (4.0; 2.6) | 10.0 | (4.2; 1.9) | 13.0 | (3.4; 2.0) | 11.0 | (3.3; 2.1) | 11.0 | (3.2; 2.3) | 10.0 | (2.6; 2.4) | ↑ |
Denture analysis | |||||||||||||||||||
i to APg (mm) (10) | 4.0 | (−0.5; 2.7) | 7.2 | (0.9 ;2.4) | 5.0 | (1.1; 2.5) | 8.0 | (1.6; 2.7) | 6.0 | (1.8; 2.4) | 12.0 | (1.9; 2.6) | 9.0 | (2.8; 2.9) | 8.0 | (0.8; 2.8) | ↑ | ||
i to APg (°) (11) | 22.0 | (15; 7.2) | 25.1 | (20.7 ;6.3) | 44.0 | (20.8; 5.2) | 32.0 | (22.1; 6.2) | 24.0 | (22.1; 4.8) | 35.0 | (23.8; 5.4) | 37.0 | (25.2; 4.9) | 33.0 | (21.8; 7.3) | ↑ | ||
FMIA (°) (12) | 48.0 | (64.8; 7.5) | 59.1 | (58.0 ;9.1) | 45.0 | (56.4; 7.7) | 36.0 | (55.9; 8.1) | 42.0 | (55.6; 8.2) | 43.0 | (59.0; 10.7) | ↓ | ||||||
IMPA (°) (13) | 87.0 | (87.9; 7.2) | 82.1 | (93.1 ;7.0) | 99.0 | (94.0; 5.7) | 105.0 | (93.9; 7.2) | 81.0 | (94.7; 5.7) | 100.0 | (94.8; 7.2) | 102.0 | (95.3; 6.6) | 96.0 | (92.1; 9.0) | N | ||
i/I (°) (14) | 128.0 | (142.2; 14.2) | 110.8 | (127.2 ;10.2) | 110.0 | (128.1; 11.2) | 107.0 | (125.5; 9.7) | 117.0 | (126.3; 9.2) | 114.0 | (129.2; 10.1) | 103.0 | (126.6; 10.0) | 119.0 | (133.6; 13.0) | ↓ | ||
Norma frontalis | |||||||||||||||||||
Cranial width (mm) (15) | 103.0 | (135.7; 5.4) | 180.9 | (140.2; 4.3) | 137.0 | (140.2; 4.3) | 132.0 | (136.5; 5.6) | 103.0 | (140.2; 4.3) | 116.0 | (143.2; 4.7) | 117.0 | (143.2; 4.6) | 120.0 | (143.2; 4.6) | 132.0 | (139.1; 5.5) | ↓ |
Bifrontotemporale width (mm) (16) | 69.0 | (92.3; 4.9) | 129.3 | (95.4; 3.0) | 85.0 | (95.4; 3.0) | 92.0 | (93.9; 5.5) | 72.0 | (95.4; 3.0) | 81.0 | (100.3; 3.6) | 79.0 | (100.3; 3.6) | 92.0 | (100.3; 3.6) | 93.0 | (96.5; 4.5) | ↓ |
Bizygomatic width (mm) (17) | 85.0 | (109.4; 3.2) | 128.4 | (114.2; 4.2) | 101.0 | (114.2; 4.2) | 105.0 | (112.9; 3.4) | 94.0 | (114.2; 4.2) | 100.0 | (128.1; 4.4) | 101.0 | (128.1; 4.4) | 105.0 | (128.1; 4.4) | 107.0 | (122.8; 3.5) | ↓ |
Nasal width (mm) (18) | 22.0 | (26.2; 1.6) | 40.6 | (29.5; 2.0) | 20.0 | (29.5; 2.0) | 22.0 | (27.5; 1.6) | 23.0 | (29.5; 2.0) | 26.0 | (34.3; 2.6) | 23.0 | (34.3; 2.6) | 24.0 | (34.3; 2.6) | 25.0 | (30.5; 1.5) | ↓ |
Bigonial width (mm) (19) | 65.0 | (80.4; 3.8) | 113.9 | (83.0; 3.5) | 77.0 | (83.0; 3.5) | 85.0 | (83.5; 3.1) | 66.0 | (83.0; 3.5) | 76.0 | (94.6; 4.6) | 75.0 | (94.6; 4.6) | 78.0 | (94.6; 4.6) | 89.0 | (91.5; 3.1) | ↓ |