ARM patients (n = 295) | Unassisted conception (n = 265) | ART (n = 30) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Classification | 0.27# | |||
Perineal (cutaneous) fistula | 107 (36%) | 99 (37%) | 8 (27%) | |
Recto-urethral fistula | 71 (24) | 63 (24%) | 8 (27%) | |
Recto-vesical fistula | 14 (5%) | 10 (4%) | 4 (13%) | |
Vestibular fistula | 37 (13%) | 34 (13%) | 3 (10%) | |
Cloaca | 17 (6%) | 16 (6%) | 1 (3%) | |
Anal atresia without fistula | 35 (12%) | 29 (11%) | 6 (20%) | |
Anal stenosis | 5 (2%) | 5 (2%) | 0 | |
Recto-vaginal fistula | 3 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 0 | |
Others | 6 (2%) | 6 (2%) | 0 | |
ARM differentiation | 0.05# | |||
Isolated malformations | 132 (45%) | 124 (47%) | 8 (27%) | |
Associated malformations | 163 (55%) | 141 (53%) | 22 (73%) | |
Vertebral anomalies | 58 (20%) | 48 (18%) | 10 (33%) | 0.06# |
Cardiovascular anomalies | 70 (24%) | 64 (24%) | 6 (20%) | 0.82# |
Tracheo-esophageal fistula and/or esophageal atresia | 33 (11%) | 27 (10%) | 6 (20%) | 0.12# |
Renal (kidney) anomalies | 90 (31%) | 76 (29%) | 14 (47%) | 0.06# |
Limb defects | 28 (10%) | 25 (9%) | 3 (10%) | 1.00# |
VATER/VACTERL association | 64 (22%) | 58 (22%) | 6 (20%) | 1.00# |
Gender | 0.24# | |||
Male | 172 (58%) | 151 (57%) | 21 (70%) | |
Female | 123 (42%) | 114 (43%) | 9 (30%) | |
Birth plurality | <0.0001# | |||
Singletons | 265 (90%) | 249 (94%) | 16 (53%) | |
Twins | 26 (9%) | 16 (6%) | 10 (33%) | |
Triplets and more | 4 (1%) | 0 | 4 (13%) | |
Gestational age (weeks)*, median (IQR) | 38 (36–40) | 38 (36–40) | 37 (34–38) | 0.002‡ |
Birth weight (gram)*, median (IQR) | 2,990 (2,413–3,374) | 3,030 (2,457–3,400) | 2,702 (1,880–3,140) | 0.01‡ |
Age of patient at time of study (years), median (IQR) | 2 (0–7) | 2 (0–6) | 2 (1–8) | 0.23‡ |
Maternal age (years), mean ± SD | 32 ± 5.3 | 32 ± 5.5 | 32 ± 4.0 | 0.15Δ |
Maternal BMI (kg/m2)**, median (IQR) | 22.6 (20.5–25.3) | 22.5 (20.6–25.2) | 23.0 (20.4–26.2) | 0.80‡ |