From: Parental risk factors and anorectal malformations: systematic review and meta-analysis
 |  | Maternal diabetes mellitus |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ref. |    First author, year | Exposure | OR [95% CI] | P value | Adjustment/matching factors |
[25] |    Bánhidy, 2010 | Gestational diabetes | 2.2 [0.7, 6.8] | - | Adjusted for: maternal age and employment status, birth order and maternal hypertension |
[34] |    Correa, 2008 | Diabetes mellitus** Pre-gestational diabetes Gestational diabetes | 2.15 [1.31, 3.55] 4.70 [1.55, 14.26] 1.91 [1.02, 3.56] | 0.005 - | - Adjusted for: maternal age, race/ethnicity, entry into prenatal care, BMI, study center and household income |
[32] |    FrÃas, 2007* | Diabetes mellitus** Pre-gestational diabetes Gestational diabetes | 1.43 [0.92, 2.25] 2.87 [1.20, 6.87] 1.18 [0.71, 1.98] | 0.13 0.04 0.48 | - |
[24] |    Aberg, 2001 | Pre-gestational diabetes Gestational diabetes | 8.18 [3.86, 17.34] 3.29 [1.63, 6.63] | < 0.00001 0.0008 | - |
[7] |    Correa, 2003 | Diabetes mellitus | 4.32 [1.50, 12.47] | - | Adjusted for: infant's period of birth, maternal race, age, education, prenatal cigarette smoking and prenatal alcohol consumption |
[36] |    MartÃnez-FrÃas, 1998 | Gestational diabetes | 1.51 [0.60, 3.55] 1.56 [0.49, 4.40]†1.27 [0.20, 5.54]‡ 1.70 [0.67, 3.98]# 4.19 [0.66, 26.74]§ | - | - |
[38] |    Stoll, 1997 | Diabetes mellitus | 0.01 [0.02, 1.38] | - | - |
[43] |    MartÃnez-FrÃas, 1994* | Pre-gestational diabetes | 2.57 [0.69, 9.60] | 0.19 | - |