From: Parental risk factors and anorectal malformations: systematic review and meta-analysis
 |  | Maternal alcohol use |  |  | Paternal alcohol use |  |  |  |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ref. |    First author, year | Exposure | OR [95% CI] | P value | Exposure | OR [95% CI] | P value | Adjustment/matching factors |
[39] |    van Rooij, 2010 | Alcohol consumption before or during pregnancy | 1.0 [0.6, 1.5] | 1.0 | Alcohol consumption three months before conception | 1.3 [0.7, 2.5] | 0.33 | - |
[37] |    Miller, 2009* | Non-drinker Average ≤ 1.5 drink/day Average > 1.5 drink/day ≥5 alcoholic drinks Drank any alcohol | 1.0 Reference 1.0 [0.7, 1.5] 1.2 [0.9, 1.6] 0.9 [0.6, 1.6] 0.9 [0.7, 1.2] | - | - | - | - | None of the variables met the criteria for confounding by the author; therefore, only the unadjusted odds ratios were presented |
[38] |    Stoll, 1997 | Any alcohol | 1.25 [0.07, 21.04] | - | - | - | - | - |
[30] |    Yuan, 1995 | Any alcohol | 4.77 [1.39, 16.38] | - | - | - | - | Matched by: maternal age groups (5-years interval), sex, parity and season of birth |