Aldosterone-producing adenoma and other surgically correctable forms of primary aldosteronism

Table 4 Proposed thresholds for interpreting results from adrenal vein sampling

	Adrenal to IVC cortisol ratio	Dominant to non-dominant A/C ratio	Non-dominant to IVC A/C ratio
Adrenal venous sampling without ACTH stimulation
Rossi, 2008[21]	>1.1	>2	Not used
Stowasser, 2004[44]	>3	>2*	<1
Zarnegar, 2008[23]	>1	>4 or 5	Not used
Letavernier,2008[22]	>2	>5	Not used
Mulatero, 2008[80]	>2	>4	<1
Adrenal venous sampling with ACTH stimulation
Espiner, 2003[81]	>2	>4	<1
Murashima, 2008[82]	>10	>4	Not used
Young, 2004[50]	>5	>4	Not used
Auchus, 2009[83]	>3	>4	Not used

Interpreting adrenal vein sampling results involves accounting for the ratio of cortisol concentrations between the adrenal gland veins and the inferior vena cava (IVC) or a peripheral vein, to confirm that adrenal gland veins have been effectively cannulated. The lateralizing ratio, i.e. the ratio between the aldosterone to cortisol (A/C) ratios determined in the dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) sides, is also considered (see text).
*Dominant to IVC A/C ratio

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