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Table 3 Screening and treatment of the complications of PBC

From: Primary biliary cirrhosis

  

Osteoporosis

Esophageal varices

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Screening

Method

DEXA

Endoscopy

Ultrasound

 

Indication

All patients

Cirrhosis, Platelet count <200,000/mm3

Cirrhosis, Portal hypertension

 

Interval

Every 2 years

Every 2 years (Every year, if grade 1 varices)

Every 6 months

Treatment

Indication

All patients

>Grade 2 varices

Size, Number, Liver preservation dependant

 

Medication

Calcium 1500 mg/d, Vitamin D 1000 IU/d (+ Bisphosphanate, if osteoporotic)

β-blockers

 
 

Others

Dairy products, Exercise, Sunlight

Endoscopic ligation, Endoscopic sclerosing therapy

Radiofrequency ablation, Arterial embolization, Surgical resection, Liver transplantation