Table 4 Staging of retinoblastoma
From: Retinoblastoma
Ocular fundus under general anesthesia + | → | Any patient with retinoblastoma Schema, photographs, ultrasonography Reese grouping, new grouping |
Brain and orbit CT scan or MRI + | → | Almost any patient with retinoblastoma (except neonatal screened patients with tumor respecting the head of optic nerve) |
CSF cytology Bone marrow cytohistology + | → | When enucleation is necessary and shows histopathologic risk factors |
Brain and spinal axis MRI Bone scan | → | Only in case of orbital, lymph node and/or distant metastatic diseases |