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Table 1 Fifteen rare diseases with potential treatments.

From: The potential investment impact of improved access to accelerated approval on the development of treatments for low prevalence rare diseases

Disease class

Disease

Approx. patient number

Treatment

Pub. year

Lysosomal storage

 

α-Mannosidosis

200

i.v. α-mannosidase

2004

  

Aspartylglucosaminuria

400

i.v. glycosyl- asparaginase

2000

  

Galactosialidosis

100

i.v. PPCA

2004

  

Mucopolysaccharidosis IV A (MPS IVA)

2,000

i.v. GALNS

2008

  

Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII)

200

i.v. β-glucuronidase

1994

 

Neurological

GM1 Gangliosidosis

850

oral chaperone N-octyl-4-epi-β-valienamine

2003

  

Late Infatile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (LINCL)

600

intraventricular TPP1

2008

  

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD)

4,000

intrathecal ASA

2005

  

Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA)

1,300

intra-CSF sulfamidase

2004

  

Niemann-Pick B

650

i.v. ASM

2000

  

Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency

(LAL Deficiency)

150

i.v. mannose-6-phosphate terminated LAL

2001

Enzyme deficiencies affecting:

Kidneys

Primary Hyperoxaluria

2,400

oral crystalline oxalate-decarboxylase

1999

 

Skin and connective tissue

Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (RDEB)

500

i.d. C7

2004

  

X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia

(X-Linked HED)

700

i.v. EDA1

2003

 

Carb. metabolism

Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Ib

(CDG-Ib)

100

oral mannose

1998

  1. The table shows the approximate patient number and treatments, based on literature reviewed and author expertise. Specific disease data obtained from published articles, references 26, 43-56. Approximate patient number calculation using OMMBID and Orpha.net data, as described in Methods. Eleven of the 15 diseases represent lysosomal storage disorders. The other four are diverse enzyme deficiencies affecting the kidneys, skin and connective tissue, and carbohydrate metabolism. Proposed treatments for the 15 diseases include protein or substrate replacement, chaperone therapy, metabolic diversion of an accumulated toxic compound, and enzyme replacement therapies (ERTs).